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Freedom of Expression and the Public's Right to Know

Genuine democracy, advancement of knowledge, individual self-development, and social justice depend on a society in which freedom of expression and the right to know are a reality for everyone. The Centre for Free Expression works to advance these rights though public education, advocacy, law reform, research, advisory services, policy analysis, assistance to courts, and organizational collaborations.

The Latest

Court Submission August 5, 2025

Knauff v. Ontario (Human Rights Tribunal) et al., ONCA, Court File COA-25-OM-0074

Joint Intervener Factum of ACTO/ Animal Justice/CCLA/CFE/Democracy Watch/ISAC  – Ontario Court of Appeal. The issue is to update the test for leave to appeal decisions of the Ontario Divisional Court. We argue the test for leave to appeal established by the Ontario Court of Appeal in its 1972 Sault Dock decision should be refreshed to reflect the evolution of administrative, constitutional, and human rights law over the past 50 years, and the role of the Divisional Court in response to those changes. Based on key legal developments in recent decades, we suggest there is a need for the leave test to focus on the criterion of “public importance.” We propose a non-exhaustive list of factors that this Court ought to consider when deciding whether to grant leave to appeal decisions of the Divisional Court.
Blog July 16, 2025

Can I share my thoughts about the war in Israel/Gaza, or will it cost me my job?

The recent firing of Katherine Grzejszczak, a paramedic working for the Regional Municipality of York (north of Toronto), for her Facebook comment condemning Israel’s bombing of Iran, killing children at food aid depots, and the murdering of journalists, municipal workers, and healthcare workers highlights a serious problem involving workers’ rights to freedom of expression.
News June 30, 2025

Open Letter Calls for Reinstatement of York Region Paramedic Fired for Facebook Post Criticizing Israeli Government

Leading Canadian legal and human rights scholars released an open letter today calling on the Regional Municipality of York to reinstate a long-time member of its Paramedic Services fired for a Facebook comment deploring the Government of Israel’s bombing of Iran and its killing of journalists, municipal and health care workers, and fellow first responders in Gaza.
Blog June 18, 2025

Municipal Bubble-Zone Bylaws Are Unnecessary and Likely Unconstitutional

Municipalities across Ontario are being pressured by lobby groups to pass so-called “bubble zone” bylaws to prevent legal protests they do not like. Such bylaws do two things. First, they prohibit already illegal behaviour like violence, threats of violence, preventing access to buildings, and harassment on public property (streets, sidewalks, parks) within a certain distance of designated infrastructure, such as religious centres, school buildings, hospitals, and childcare facilities. Second, they prohibit legal free expression on public property within the restricted zone. 
News June 16, 2025

Michelle Arbuckle joins CFE Working Group on Intellectual Freedom

The Centre for Free Expression (CFE) at Toronto Metropolitan University announced today that Michelle Arbuckle is joining the CFE Working Group on Intellectual Freedom. The Working Group guides CFE’s work in assisting libraries across Canada in promoting and defending intellectual freedom and in resisting demands for censorship.