Freedom of Expression & Its Limits

Freedom of expression, a fundamental freedom under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, is the right to express beliefs, thoughts, ideas, and emotions; to share information; and to seek and receive information and ideas without restriction. Limits on freedom of expression in Canada include Criminal Code and Human Rights provisions regarding hate speech, harassment, and discrimination; civil defamation actions; a variety of municipal by-laws; and both government and private restrictions on online access and content.

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Blog March 26, 2026

What does it mean for the state to be neutral in religious matters?

In a recent column in the Toronto Star, Tonda MacCharles highlighted what she saw as an inconsistency between the argument currently being made before the Supreme Court of Canada in the Bill 21 case, that governments should remain neutral in religious matters, and the assertion by Prime Minister Carney in a recent speech that “religious values can and should frame how politicians act”.&nbsp
Richard Moon
Freedom of Expression & Its Limits, Democracy
Blog December 9, 2025

The Feds’ “Combatting Hate Act” (C-9) Should Be Withdrawn Now

Occasionally, governments introduce legislation that gets things wrong. That certainly is the case for the Liberal Government’s Bill C-9: The Combatting Hate Act. Every aspect of it is flawed.This is a special concern because it is a bill that restricts free expressive rights. Expressive freedom is never without limits, but our courts have been very clear that any restrictions must minimally impair our fundamental democratic freedoms. 
James L Turk
Freedom of Expression & Its Limits